Pelorus



V3 Sheets-Sheet l PELORUS J. R. OLIVER Jan. 9, 1951 Filed July 2o, 1945Inventor y v70/7n E O//l/e?"I ,E /z/ls Attorney j y Jan. 9, 19512,537,233

J. R. OLIVER PELORUS Filed July 2o, 1945 5 Sheets-Shet 2 Patented Jan.9, 1951 PELORUS .lohn R. Oliver, Beverly, Mass., assigner to United ShoeMachinery Corporation, Flemington, N. J., a corporation of New JerseyApplication July 20, 1945, Serial No. 606,047

2 Claims.

- 1 This invention relates making visual observations and is hereinillustrated in its application to apparatus including a ypelorus for useon shipboard. The invention is herein illustrated as embodied in anapparatus for use on the deck of a submarine to obtain relativebearings, or more specically, to determine the angular relation betweenthe lubber line of the submarine and the line of sight of the observerenan object or target.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus of thistype which is readily adapted to the varying situations under which avpelorusy is employed on the deck of a submarine and particularly tofacilitate and expedite the manipulating of the pelorus undercircumstances requiring the completion of observations in the shortestpossible time. In taking the bearings of distant targets it is the usualpractice to transmit to the control room of the submarine bearings ofthe target. -In the illustrated apparatus "this is accomplished byapparatus commonly known as the"Selsyn system which is characterized bytransmitting and receiving devices "each provided with a single phase orsingle cir-k f cuit field Winding and a polyphase or polycircuitarmature Winding, the armature windings being interconnected. Such asystem is disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. 1,612,117,

granted December 28, 1926, on an application filed in the name ofHewlett et al. In the illustrated apparatus the Selsyn system isemployed to transmit to the control room of the submarine the angularmovement of the pelorus in azimuth. The receiving device in the controlroom operates a suitable instrument which indicates the line vof sightof the pelorus.

In taking the bearings of armed enemy vessels L Within gun range of thesubmarine it is the'usual practice to complete the computation of theposition and courseof the target from thesdeck station rather than totake the time required for accurate computation in the control room.Under such circumstances transmission of the angular movement of thepelorus to the control:

room is not required. t is an object of the present invention tofacilitate the manipulation of the pelorus under such circumstances byprol viding an apparatus so organized that the pelorus may be operatedindependently of the Selsyn system when desired. i

Accordingly, the present invention in one as- .'pect thereofr consistsin the provision of apparatus comprising a sighting means or pelorus, a

5 mount. for said pelorus, va rotor on which said,

to apparatus for use in paratus mount is supported for freeangular'movemen' relatively to said rotor,` and means for securing themount to the rotor. `In thev illustrated apparatus the rotor' isoperatively connected vto the transmitting devices of 'the Selsynlsystem." It will be understood that in securing the mount to the rotorthe mount must have a predetermined orientation such that the angle ofthe line of sight of the pelorus agrees with the'angle delined by theindicating means 'in the control room.

The invention also provides means for actu?- ating the rotor to eii'ectangular movement of the pelorus when the pelorus is secured to saidrotor. In the illustrated organization the rotor is turned by asuitablel actuator" through transmitting means including elementstranslatable to change the ratio of the motion ci the actuator to themotion of the rotor.` This provides for an initial rapid motion of thepelorus in which it is quickly vslevved into the* general'eld of thetarget anda Yrelatively slow motion of'the pelorus to facilitate themanipulationtliereoic in bringing it to bear accurately on the target;To effect the change fromhigh speed to low speed the invention providesmeans including translatable elements herein illustrated'as' gears whichare shiftable to change the ratio ofthe motion of the actuator to themotion of the rotor and a second actuator operable to shift said gears.

The invention will now be 'described with referlence to theaccompanying' drawingsyillustrating the preferredembodiment thereof, andpointed out inthe appended claims.

'In the drawings,

Fig.` 1`is"a front elevation illustrating apparatu embodying thefeatures of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a section' on the line II-II of Fig. 3 with the 'operatingImechanism shown in full;

Fig'. 3 isl a' section taken 'substantially on the line III--III ofFiglf2;

Fig. 4 is a side elevation, partly in section, illustrating the upperportion only of the ap- Fig. 5 is an enlarged.v sectional elevationv.through the. center ofthe apparatus illustrating a portion of thestructure shown in Fig. 4; and

f Fig. 6 is a detail -view illustratinga cam plate rintended for useonthe deck of a submarine and may be rigidly Xed to the deck or gimbalmounted similarly to the apparatus illustrated. in

lof the jaw 40.

3 my copending application Serial No. 573,799, filed January 20, 1945.

Referring to Fig. l, the numeral I indicates the base portion of ahousing and the numeral I2 the upper portion of said housing which, asherein illustrated, provides a water-tight closure for operatingmechanisms hereinafter described.

Referring to Fig. 2, a rotor herein illustrated as a vertical shaft I4is journaled in a central bearing I6 formed in the upper portion I2 ofthe housing and said shaft is provided with a dis-v coidal head I8 ofrelatively large diameter on which is mounted the sighting means orpelorus now to be described. Secured to the upper portion of the head I8is a plate 20 having an upwardly extending marginal ange 22 on which thebase portion of the pelorus is mounted for angular movement about anaxis coinciding with the shaft I4. The plate 20 is centered on the headI8 by the engagement of a cylindrical boss 23 projecting upwardly fromthe head in a suitable counter bore in the p1 ate. A cylindrical hub 24(Fig. 5) projecting upwardly from the central portion of the plate 20provides a bearing for the pelorus and the lower or base portion of saidhub is of greater diameter than the upper portion in order to provide ashoulder 26 which serves as a support for the central portion of thepelorus. The pelorus is held against upward movement away from the plate20 by a discoidal can 28 secured by a screw 30 to the top face of thehub v24. Projecting upwardly and inwardly from the `base 32 of thepelorus are arms 34 (Fig. 1) the upper portions of which providebearings for a cross shaft 36 which provides a mounting for a clampingmeans in which a pair of binoculars may be mounted as indicated bybroken lines in Fig. 1. Said clamping means comprises a jaw 38 mountedon the cross shaft 36 and pinned thereto to secure it against movementwidthwise of the pelorus and a jaw 40 having a bifurcated lower portion42 engaging plane faces at opposite sides vof a sleeve 44 slidablymounted on the cross shaft 36, and pivotally mounted on a pin 46extending Athrough a downward extension of said sleeve. In order tolocate the clamping assembly in a fixed position widthwise of thepelorus, collars '.48 and 50 are secured to the cross shaft 36 atopposite sides of the head 52 of the right arm 34.

The jaws 38 and 40 engage a cylindrical hinge portion of the binocularscentrally spaced between the eye pieces, the gripping surfaces of saidjaws having the same curvature as said cylindrical portion of thebinoculars. The jaws are normally held in their open position by aspring 54 seated in oppositely disposed sockets provided in portions ofthe jaws directly beneath Vtheir gripping surfaces.

lmaintained in a vertical position. For closing the .jaws on thebinoculars a finger lever 56 is pivoted at 58 to the lower or baseportion of the jaw 38 and provided at its right end with a cam followeror stud 60 which engages a cam surface 62 in the forward branch of theright jaw 40. An angular arm 64 projects rearwardly and to the vrightfrom the central portion of the finger lever 56 and carries at itsextremity a stud 66 (Fig. 4) which engages a cam surface in the rearbranch During the counterclockwise movement of the finger lever 56, asviewed in Fig 1, the studs 60 and 66 move upwardly along the camsurfaces causing the jaw 40 to swing into gripping position. After thejaw has closed on the binoculars further movement of the finger levercauses the jaw 40 to swing in a clockwise direction about the binocularsmoving the sleeve 44 to the left and compressing a spring 68 surroundingthe cross shaft 36 and occupying the space between the left end of thesleeve and the base of a socket in the hub 10 of the jaw 38. When thefinger lever 56 comes to the limit of its counterciockwise movement thestuds 60 and 66 are seated in suitable recesses at the upper extremitiesof the cam surfaces, thus retaining the nger lever in said position. Theconstruction and arrangement of the clamping mechanism is such that whenthe finger lever is at the limit of its counterclockwise movement thespring 68 exerts a continuing pressure against the left end of thesleeve 44, thus urging the jaw 40 in a counterclockwise direction aboutthe studs 60 and 68 and thereby maintaining a continuous clampingpressure of the jaws against the binoculars. For turning the pelorusfreely on the hub 24 of the plate 2e a pair of handlebars 'I8 projectoutwardly from the central portions of the arms 34 respectively. Thecross shaft 36 rocks in its bearings in the arms 34 to permit movementof the binoculars in elevation. In order to limit such movement of thebinoculars the hub of the jaw 38 has a downward extension I2 adjacent tothe left arm 34, said extension terminating in a crosshead 74 (Fig. 4)which crosshead in turn terminates in lugs 'I6 which, as shown in Fig.1, extend to the left for engagement with the upper portion of the arm34 to limit the rocking movement of the binocular clamping assembly.

When it is desired to transmit to the control room of the submarine theangular movement of the binoculars in azimuth the binoculars are turnedby rotating the shaft I4 and the rotation of said shaft is transmittedto synchronous generators 88 and 82 (Fig. 2) which transmit the angularmovement of the binoculars to synchronous motors in the control roomwhich operate indicating means which may be of any known type. Inaccordance with the usual practice in systems of this type one of thesynchronous generators operates at a 1:1 ratio to the rotary movement ofthe shaft I4 and the other at a 36:1 ratio. As herein illlustrated thegenerator 80 is operated at a 36:1 ratio by a large spur gear 84 on thereduced lower portion 86 of the shaft I4 operating through a pinion 88and gear 90, the latter gear meshing with a pinion 92 on the generatorshaft 94. The synchronous generator 82 is operated by a spur gear 96meshing with a like gear 98 on the shaft In of the generator 82. Forturning the shaft I4 there is provided an actuator herein i1- lustratedas a rotor orwheel |02 the peripheral surface of which is generallyfrusto-conical in shape with the small diameter at the upper extremityof the wheel. For the convenience of the observer in turning the wheel aplurality of finger grips are provided on the wheel |02, said gripsbeing herein illustrated as uniformly spaced radial projections one ofwhich is identified by the numeral 04. Fixed to an inside shoulder inthe upper portion of the wheel |02 is a ring I06 whch is internallythreaded for meshing engagement with a spur gear |08 fixed to a shaft II0 journaled in a bearing in a cylindrical block I I2 secured to a headI I4 in the upper portion of the top section I2 of the housing. Thewheel I02 operates through connections now to be deatomes rotation ofthe wheel, or alternatively at a '1:12 ratio, the 1:1 ratio beingemployed in slewing the binoculars into the general field of the targetand the 1:12 ratio being employed for slow motion of the shaft I4 toVbring the binoculars accurately to bear on the target. In theillustrated organization the wheel is operatively connected to the shaftI4 by either of two trains of gears, each train including a gearshiftable between the meshing position and an `idle position. Referringto Fig. 2 there are splined on the lower portion of the shaft H a smallgear |I6 and a relatively large gear I 8, said gears being mounted on acommon hub to facilitate the gear shifting operation. For turning theshaft I4 at a 1:12 ratio to the wheel |02 the small gear H6 meshes witha spur gear |20 fixed to a shaft |22 which has fixed to its reducedlower portion a pinion |24 which meshes with outwardly projecting teethin a crown gear |26 secured to the reduced midsection of the shaft I4.The Shaft I4 is operated at a 1:1 ratio by bringing the gear |18 intomeshing engagement with inwardly projecting teeth of the crown gear |25.'In Fig. 2 the gears IIB and ||8 are shown in a neutral position withboth gears out of meshing engagement with the gears on which theyoperate. For mounting the wheel |02 for rotary movement about an axiscommon to the shaft |4 the upper section I2' of the housing 'is providedwith an endless rabbet |28 which serves vas la track for the rightangular portion |30 in the base of the wheel |02 and the upper portionof said wheel has an inwardly extending flange |32 which bears against acylindrical surface of the housing |2 arranged concentrically to theshaft I 4. For shifting the gears ||6 and IIB into and out of meshingposition a second actuator herein illustrated as a rotor or wheel |34similar to the wheel |02 is mounted on the outer surface of the uppersection I2 kof the housing for rotary movement about an axis common tothe vshaft I4. As shown in Fig. 2 said ring is generally cylindrical andhas a structure similar to an I-beam as seen in cross section. The wheelis supported by an outwardly projecting flange |36 of the housing I2 andis held against upward movement by gibs |38 secured to the housing.Similarly to the wheel |02 the wheel |34 isprovided with linger grips,herein illustrated as outward radial projections one of which isidentified by thenumeral |40. Referring to Fig. S the ring |34 hassecured in a recess |42 in its inner surface a plate |44 having a camtrack |45 in which travels the hemispherical head |48 (Fig. 3) of a stud|50 fixed in a head |52 at the free end of an arm |54 secured to one endof a cross shaft |51:` journaled in bearings in the upper section I2 ofthe housing. Secured to the central portion of the cross shaft |56 aretwin arms |58 projecting divergently from a common hub |50 pinned tosaid cross shaft. Swiveled in heads |62 at the free ends of the twinarms |58 are headed studs |'64which are slotted to receive marginalportions of the gear IIB. It will be seen that rotary movement of thewheel |544k causes the cam plate |44 to swing the arm |54 therebyrocking the shaft I and swinging the twin arms |58 to move the gear IISand with it the gear ||6 vertically on the shaft IIB. v

In the illustrated apparatus the pelorus may be turned freely on the hub24 by means of the handlebars 'l0 or, alternatively, the pelorus may beturned by-means of the wheel I02-in which tration with the slot 2I2.

in the slot 252.

case the angular movement of the binoculars in azimuth is transmitted tothe control room of the submarine by means of the synchronousgenerators. In order that the indieatingmechanism in the control roommay accurately denne the line of sight of the binoculars it is of courseimportant that the binoculars be located with their line of sight inpredetermined relation to the head I8 of the shaft i4 which actuates thesynchronous generator. In the illustrated organization the correctregistration of the pelorus relatively to the head of the shaft i4 iseiiected by the use of indexing means which enables the operator readilyto eect a determinate orientation of the binocular mount on the head ofthe shaft I4. Said indexing means is herein illustrated as a key shownas an arm 260 (Fig. 5') pivotally mounted on a pin 208 in a bifurcatedbracket 2| Il secured to the base 32 of the pelorus. The arm 205operates in a slot 2|2 in an enlarged portion 2 i4 of the flange 22projecting upwardly from the plate 22 secured to the head of the shaftin Fig. 5 the arm is shown in its lowermost position wherein it is inregistra- When it is desired to turn the pelorus freely on the hub 24the arm 206 is lifted into a position in which its upper surfaceregisters with an inclined surface 2 I5 in the base of the pelorus, asuitable iinger grip 2|0 being provided in the arm for convenientmanipulation thereof. For yieldingly retaining the arm 202 in either itsupper or its lower position a spring pressed roller 220 engages eitherthe upper or the lower inclined surface of an angular boss 222projecting outwardly from the arm 205. In the position of the armillustrated in Fig. 5 the roller 22S engages the upper inclined surface224 of the boss 222 thus yieldingly holding the arm against upwardmovement and retaining the arm t will be understood that when the arm226 is at the limit of its upward movement the roller 225i acts on thelower inclined surface of the boss 222 to hold the arm against downwardmovement. The roller 222 is placed in a bifurcated block 22E and mountedon a cross pin 228 which projects through said block and intolongitudinal grooves 222 in an inclined bore in the base of the peloruswherein the block 222 is slidably mounted. Thus, the block is heldagainst rotary movement in the bore and the roller is maintained inproper angular relation to the boss 222. A spring 232 mounted in saidbore and backed up by a short screw 234 yieldingly holds the roller 2251against the boss 222. In order to insure the movement of the pleoruswith 'the shaft i4 without any play or vibration whateven means isprovided for clamping the base of the pelorus to the plate 2d secured tothe head i8 of said shaft. As shown in Fig. 5, said clamping meanscomprises jaws and 228 constructed and arranged for gripping engagementwith a circular flange proiecting upwardly from the plate 22. The jaw232 is formed in the end portion of a sleeve 222 slidably mounted in aradial bore the base 32 of the pelorus. said jaw havingr a holeconcentric to said sleeve through which passes the threaded stern 244 ofthe jaw 23S. Mounted for rocking movement in the sleeve 242 is a hollowshaft 245 which is internally threaded for operating engagement with thestem 241i. For operating the shaft 24S a linger lever 242 is keyed te anoutwardly projecting portion 254 of said shaft and retained thereon by anut 252. Said nut also serves as a stop for the shaft 246, thus enablingsaid shaft to impartv aA gripping force to the jaw 236 when the jaws areclosed on the flange 240. The pressure of the sleeve 2&2 and the nut 252against the finger lever when the jaws are closed on the ange 2li@creates sufcient frictional resistance to turning movement of the fingerlever to insure the maintenance of the jaws in gripping position untilthey are released by manual operation of the finger lever,

In order to protect the synchronous generators and the gearing fromcorrosion by contact with salt water when the submarine is submerged,all of the passages through which seepage of water might occur aresealed against water under pressure. To this end the joint between thehousing sections Il) and I2 is sealed by a cylindrical gasket |68 (Fig.2) mounted in a groove in a ange |70 projecting outwardly from the lowersection I of the housing. To prevent seepage of water through thebearing of the shaft I4 in the housing I6 a garter spring seal, socalled, is mounted in a recess I 'i3 in the upper portion of the housingI6. The illustrated seal is a flexible cylindrical element |12 theoutside diameter of which is substantially the same as the diameter ofthe recess Y |13, said element having a relatively thin inwardlyprojecting portion |15 frusto-conical in shape throughout the greaterpart of its extent and having in its margin a groove which receives anendless spring Ill. The flexible element |72 is supported on a rigiddiscoidal member |19 surrounding the shaft Iii and seated in the recess4|13 in the housing I5, sa'id member having an upwardly extendingtapered flange having a cylindrical surface which bears on the shaft I 4and a frusto-conical surface which receives all but the upper margin ofthe frusta-conical portion |15 of the iiexible element. The bearing ofthe shaft Ill) in the block I I2 is sealed by a similar garter springseal |14 mounted in a counter bore in said block. Referring to Fig. 3,the bearing of the rockshaft |55 in the upper section I2 of the housingis sealed by a garter spring seal |16. It will be seen that the oppositeend of said shaft has its bearing in a socket in a cylindrical boss |18projecting inwardly from the housing. It will be seen that the rockshaftIE6 projects through a portion of the housing which is inwardly oiset toprovide space for the arm I5@ between the housing and the wheel |34.

To enable the observer himself to determine the angle of the line ofsight of the binoculars to the lubber line of the submarine afrutto-conical plate or dial ISO (Fig. 2) having punched out numeralsindicating degrees of angulation is secured to an annular plate I 82which in turn is secured to the upper extremity of the housing. Theplate |82 also serves to hold the wheel |82 against upward movementrelatively to the housing. Referring now to Fig. 4, the angle of theline of sight of the binoculars is indicated on the dial |80 by a hairline on a transparent plate (not shown) mounted in a frame |34projecting from an arm |85 and arranged in parallel relation to the dial|89. The arm |86 projects upwardly at an inclination toward the centerof the pelorous to a bridge |88 connecting the outer ends of a pair ofarms |99 projecting upwardly and outwardly from the pelorus. To enablethe observer to read the angle of the line of sight of the binoculars onthe scale |89 during total darkness a luminous substance is placed in asuitable cavity in a downturned portion |99. of the arm |85 and coveredby a transparent plate |93. the downturned portion |92 being so arrangedthat theluminous substance is visible-through ther punchedl out numeralsin the dial |83. To protect the plate |93 a cover |94 is hinged on theframe |84 and arranged to cover the transparent plate mounted in saidframe. When the scale is in use the cover |94 is held in a retractedposition by a spring clip |96 on the arm |86.

For observing targets or other objects within the range of the observersvision the observer may employ sight vanes |98 and 2D!) (Fig. 4) mountedon the pelorus and arranged to deiine a line having the same position inazimuth as the line of sight of the binoculars. The rear sight 200 ismounted on the bridge |88 and the forward sight |98 is mounted in abracket 202 in the central portion of a bridge 204i (Fig. 1) in theforward portion of the pelorus.

The illustrated device has numerous uses chief among which is takingbearings of targets such as enemy vessels and transmitting to thecontrol room of the submarine the angular position of the binoculars inazimuth when they are sighted on the target. The usual procedure inmanipulating the binoculars when they are connected to the synchronousgenerators for transmission of their angular movement to the controlroom is as Y follows. First, the wheel |94 is' operated, if necessary,to bring into operation that train of gears providing for the operationof the shaft I4 by wheel |02 at a 1:1 ratio. Thereupon the wheel l |82is operated to bring the binoculars into the general field of thetarget. The wheel |34 is then turned to bring into operation the othertrain of gears providing for rotation of the shaft at a 1:12 ratio. Theoperatorv then manipulates the binoculars with one hand in order tomaintain a proper position of the line of sight in elevation whileturning the wheel |92 with the other hand to swing the binoculars inazimuth with a slow and uniform motion until they are brought to bearupon the target. When the binoculars are sighted on the target a signalis given to the control room or to the torpedo room by means of asuitable voice tube or by means of an electrically operated buzzeroperated by a switch conveniently located for operation by the observer.Under certain circumstances, particularly when the target is an armedenemy vessel within gun range vof the submarine, it is desirable for theobserver himself to take the bearing of the target and, after making thenecessary computations of the speed and direction of the target and thedistance of the target from the submarine. to give lnal directionsthrough the voice tube for the ring of torpedoes. In this case thepelorus is disconnected from the head of the shaft I i by operation ofthe finger levers 2&6 and 248 and the handlebars 'I8 are employed tobring the binoculars, or the sight varies |98 and 2D!) to bear on thetarget. After the target is sighted the observer reads the bearing onthe frusto-conical dial |86, then makes the necessary computations asabove stated, and gives his orders through the voice tube.

While thel illustrated apparatus is intended mainly for observationsduring the hours of darkness when it is diiiicult or impracticable tomake observations by means of a periscope, the apparatus is also usefulin making routine observations when the submarine is traveling on thesurface during daylight hours. Such observations would include not onlyobserving possible targets but also taking the bearings of land marks orother objects for purposes of navigation. Y

Having thus described.myinvention, what I speeds relatively to saidfirst wheel, a water-tight housing in which said two trains of gears aremounted, each train of gears including a gear shiftable between ameshing position and an idle position, a second wheel mounted on saidwatertight housing for rotation on an axis common to the axis of saidrotor, a cam fixed to the concave surface of said second wheel, andmeans for shifting said shiftable gears comprising shifters mountedwithin said housing, a shaft on which said shifters are mounted, saidshaft having a portion projecting outwardly from the housing, awater-tight bearing in the housing in which bearing said shaft isjournaled, an arm fixed to that portion of said shaft projectingoutwardly from the housing, and operatingmeans between said arm and saidcam.

2. Apparatus comprising a standard for a sighting instrument, a rotor onwhich said standard is mounted, a first wheel mounted to rotate on anaxis common to the axis of said rotor, two trains of gears foralternatively connecting said rst wheel to said rotor thereby to actuatesaid rotor at two different speeds relatively to said rst wheel, awater-tight housing in which said two trains of gears are mounted, eachtrain of gears including a gear shiftable between a meshing position andan idle position, a secondy wheel mounted on said water-tight housingfor rotation on an axis common to the axis of saidrotor,

a cam fixed to the concave surface of said second wheel, and means forshifting said shiftable gears comprising shifters mounted within saidhousing, a shaft on which said shifters are mounted, said shaft having aportion projecting outwardly from the housing, a water-tight bearing inthe housing in which bearing said shaft is journaled, an arm xed to thatportion of said shaft projecting outwardly from the housing, andoperating means between said arm and said cam, a portion of the housingbeing offset inwardly to provide a space between the housing and thesecond wheel within which said arm operates.

JOHN R. OLIVER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le ofthis patent:

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